The intersection of mental health disorders and addiction presents a complex challenge, and one such combination is bipolar disorder and addiction. Individuals grappling with bipolar disorder may find themselves vulnerable to substance abuse, creating a dual diagnosis scenario that demands careful consideration.
Let’s delve into the complexities of bipolar disorder and addiction, exploring the connections, challenges and strategies for comprehensive treatment.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience episodes of intense highs (mania) and lows (depression). The disorder is chronic and requires ongoing management.
Bipolar disorder is fairly common, affecting 1 in every 100 people. There are three main types:
- Bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes that last at least one week, or severe manic symptoms that require hospitalization. Depressive episodes can also happen with bipolar I, and they usually last two weeks. Mixed episodes are also common.
- Bipolar II disorder involves depressive episodes. However, instead of having full-blown manic episodes, individuals experience hypomania, or a less severe form of mania.
- Cyclothymic disorder involves hypomanic and depressive symptoms, though they are not as intense or long lasting as the episodes in bipolar I and II.
A bipolar diagnosis is not easy to hear, and you might think that a good life is out of reach. But with proper treatment and management, you can manage your symptoms and lead a normal, healthy life.
What Causes Bipolar Disorder?
Researchers aren’t clear on exactly what causes bipolar disorder, however, their findings suggest that a combination of factors are responsible. These factors include stressful life events, childhood trauma, family history and brain chemistry.
Drug and alcohol use can also cause bipolar disorder. While the evidence is limited, it appears that some recreational drugs can increase the risk for developing bipolar. Even some prescription medications, such as corticosteroids and anabolic-androgenic steroids, can prompt manic symptoms.
Bipolar Symptoms: Mania and Depression
The symptoms of bipolar can differ depending on the type. Here are the main symptoms associated with depressive and manic episodes.
Depressive symptoms:
- Low energy
- Low self-worth
- Sense of hopelessness
- Changes in appetite
- Suicidal thoughts
- Self-destructive behavior
- Problems with memory and concentration
- Sleeping too much or too little
Manic symptoms:
- Inflated sense of power
- High energy levels
- Rapid speech; racing thoughts
- Poor judgment
- Loss of appetite
- Edginess or irritability
- Need less sleep
- Angry outbursts
The Link Between Bipolar Disorder and Addiction
Similar to other mental health conditions, substance abuse and addiction frequently co-occur with bipolar disorder. The reasons for this connection are multifaceted. Some individuals may use substances to self-medicate, attempting to alleviate the symptoms of depression or to prolong the euphoric feelings associated with manic episodes.
Substances can also provide a temporary escape from uncomfortable symptoms, which is why they become a coping mechanism for some. However, self-medicating behavior can contribute to the development of addiction and exacerbate bipolar symptoms. Furthermore, using substances can cause other negative consequences such as DUIs/DWIs, broken relationships, poor physical health, financial problems and more. 
Impact of Substance Abuse on Bipolar Symptoms
Substance abuse can worsen the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Drugs and alcohol can destabilize mood, trigger mood swings and interfere with the effectiveness of prescribed medications. This complicates the management of bipolar disorder and may contribute to a cycle of substance dependence.
Keep in mind that frequent substance use causes changes in the brain. The most obvious change is the reward system, which is what makes drugs and alcohol feel pleasurable. However, the changes that occur in the brain’s reward system can cause compulsive and drug-seeking behavior, which are characteristics of addiction.
Additionally, the parts of the brain responsible for mood and behavior can also be rewired with frequent drug or alcohol use, either causing or worsening bipolar disorder. Even people who were mentally healthy before they started using drugs or alcohol can develop bipolar disorder.
Best Treatment Options for Dual Diagnosis
The coexistence of bipolar disorder and addiction poses challenges for diagnosis and treatment. It requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the mental health and substance use components simultaneously. Failure to address one aspect may hinder progress in managing the other.
The best option for treatment is a dual diagnosis rehab center. These facilities have the tools, resources and staff to treat mental health disorders and substance use disorders together. To achieve this, they offer a wide range of therapies that include evidence-based treatments, holistic therapies and medication.
- Medication management. Medications are often prescribed to stabilize mood and help people see clearly again. It may take time to find the right type and dosage of medication, as some treat the extreme highs of mania, while others treat the lows of depression.
- Behavioral therapies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are effective in treating both bipolar disorder and addiction. These therapies help individuals develop coping skills, manage triggers and address distorted thought patterns.
- Holistic therapies. Good nutrition, regular exercise and plenty of restful sleep can prevent relapses and help people feel better. Since bipolar is a lifelong condition, it’s helpful to have a variety of therapies to rely on, especially when symptoms worsen.
- Supportive network. We can’t forget the importance of having a supportive network. Support groups, therapy groups and family involvement can make it easier to recover and stay on track with medication and therapies.
Integrated Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Understanding the intricate relationship between bipolar disorder and addiction is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. The dual diagnosis of these conditions requires a holistic and integrated approach that addresses both mental health and substance use aspects. By combining medication management, therapeutic interventions and a supportive network, individuals with bipolar disorder and addiction can work towards sustainable recovery and mental well-being.
Recovery Cove in Easton PA offers integrated treatment for individuals battling substance use and mental health. We have experience treating bipolar disorder and understand the complex relationship between this condition and addiction. If you would like to know more about our approach to treating dual diagnosis - individualized psychiatric care, medication-assisted treatment and comprehensive life skills education - contact us today at 484-549-COVE.
