October is Domestic Violence Awareness Month, which was first observed in 1981 as a national “Day of Unity.” During the month of October, communities and advocacy organizations across the country connect with the public to raise awareness about the signs of domestic abuse and ways to break the cycle. One important element to be aware of is the link between domestic violence and substance use. 

Research has found that roughly 40% to 60% of reported domestic abuse cases involve drugs or alcohol. In fact, one meta-analysis found that individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) were four to ten times more likely to engage in violence than those without SUD. Not everyone who commits domestic violence uses drugs or alcohol, and not everyone who uses substances commits domestic violence. Rather, substance use makes someone with abusive tendencies more likely to commit violence. 

Let’s learn more about the intricate relationship between domestic abuse and substance use and how to address both problems at once. 

Understanding Domestic Violence

Domestic violence refers to a pattern of behavior in which one partner seeks to exert power and control over another through physical, emotional, psychological, or financial abuse. It occurs in all types of relationships, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. The abuse can range from physical violence, such as hitting or choking, to more subtle forms like manipulation, isolation, or financial control.

The impact of domestic violence is profound, leading to long-lasting emotional, physical, and psychological harm. Victims often feel trapped, unable to leave due to fear, financial dependence, or concern for their children’s safety.

How Substance Use Contributes to Domestic Violence

Substance use is often a contributing factor in domestic violence. While substance use does not directly cause domestic violence, it can exacerbate existing violent tendencies or impair judgment and self-control, making abusive behavior more likely.

For example, alcohol and drugs can impair a person’s ability to make rational decisions, increasing the likelihood of aggressive behavior. They may act more impulsively or without regard for the consequences of their actions. Substance use also lowers inhibitions and can escalate the severity and frequency of abuse. 

In some cases, individuals use substances as a way to cope with their own emotional pain, stress, or trauma. This self-medication can lead to cycles of violence where substance use triggers abuse, and guilt or regret following the abuse leads to more substance use. 

Substance Use as a Coping Mechanism for Victims

Substance use isn’t limited to the perpetrator; victims of domestic violence may also turn to substances to cope with the emotional and psychological pain they are experiencing. The trauma of living in an abusive environment can lead to feelings of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and isolation, driving some individuals to use alcohol or drugs to numb their emotions or escape from their reality.

There’s even the possibility that the abusive partner may encourage the victim to use substances as a way to maintain control. By getting the person dependent on drugs or alcohol, the abuser may further isolate them and make it harder for them to leave the relationship. Unfortunately, substance use exacerbates the victim’s vulnerability, leading to greater isolation and dependence on the abuser.

The Cycle of Abuse and Substance Use

The relationship between domestic violence and substance use often creates a vicious cycle that is difficult to break. For perpetrators, substance use may fuel violent behavior, leading to more frequent and severe abuse. For victims, substance use may be a coping mechanism that ultimately worsens their mental and physical health, making it harder to escape. In many cases, both parties in a domestic violence situation may struggle with substance use, further complicating the dynamics of the relationship. 

The Impact on Families and Children

The intersection of domestic violence and substance use can have devastating effects on families, particularly children. Children who witness domestic violence or live in a household where substance use is prevalent are at greater risk of experiencing trauma, emotional distress, and behavioral issues. These children may also be more likely to develop substance use disorders themselves later in life or become involved in abusive relationships as adults.

Children in these environments often experience emotional and psychological trauma from witnessing violence or substance use. They may also have behavioral issues, such as aggression, defiance, or difficulty in school. Furthermore, children who grow up in abusive households are more likely to repeat the cycle of abuse and substance use in their own relationships. 

Addressing Both Domestic Violence and Substance Use

Breaking the link between domestic violence and substance use requires a comprehensive approach. For many individuals and families, treating one issue without addressing the other may result in relapse or continued abusive behavior.

Key approaches to treatment include: 

• Integrated Treatment Programs: Integrated treatment programs provide support for both domestic violence and substance use. These programs often include therapy, counseling, support groups, and resources to help victims and perpetrators address the root causes of their behavior.
• Trauma-Informed Care: For victims of domestic violence who struggle with substance use, trauma-informed care is essential. This approach acknowledges the impact of trauma on substance use and focuses on healing emotional and psychological wounds in addition to addressing addiction.
• Support for Children: It’s important to provide emotional and psychological support for children who have been exposed to domestic violence and substance use. Counseling, therapy, and supportive adult relationships can help children process their trauma and break the cycle of abuse.

Breaking Generational Cycles

The link between domestic violence and substance use is complex and multifaceted, with both issues feeding into and exacerbating each other. For many individuals and families, breaking this cycle requires addressing both domestic violence and substance use in a comprehensive, integrated way. 

Recovery Cove offers comprehensive care for substance use and mental health disorders. We can put you in touch with local resources for domestic violence while providing you and/or your partner with extensive care and support. Some of the best therapies for addressing domestic violence and substance are trauma-informed therapy, family therapy, and marriage counseling. Contact Recovery Cove at 484-549-COVE to learn more about our services.