Personality disorders are often misunderstood. People tend to believe that they are just character flaws that make it difficult to get along with other people. In reality, personality disorders are complex mental health conditions caused by biological and environmental factors. Individuals with these disorders struggle in interpersonal relationships, and they also experience a great deal of internal conflict.
People with personality disorders see themselves and react to others in ways that cause problems. In turn, they have a hard time understanding emotions and tolerating distress, leading to impulsive behaviors that affect relationships, work, and daily life. Most people are surprised to learn that personality disorders are relatively common, affecting 9.1% of the U.S. population.
To help make sense of it all, we’ve broken down the 10 personality disorders into simple, relatable terms. This will help you better understand the different disorders and how they can present themselves.
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Behavior
1. Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD)
People with this disorder often feel suspicious of others, even when there’s no real reason to be. They may believe others are out to harm, betray, or take advantage of them, and they tend to hold grudges or avoid trusting relationships. This behavior can understandably lead to conflict in work or personal relationships, but psychotherapy can help.
2. Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD)
Those with schizoid personality disorder prefer being alone and often seem emotionally distant or detached. They usually don’t seek close relationships and may appear indifferent to praise or criticism, even from close friends or family. While individuals with schizoid PD may function well in isolated roles, they can still benefit from therapy to improve interpersonal skills.
3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD)
This disorder involves odd beliefs, unusual behavior, and social anxiety. People with schizotypal traits may believe in things like telepathy, dress in eccentric ways, or have trouble connecting socially. They often seem quirky or eccentric and have a hard time relating to others.
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior
4. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
ASPD is more than just being antisocial. It’s a serious mental health condition that can harm other people. Individuals with this disorder often disregard rules, laws, and the rights of others. They may lie, manipulate, or act aggressively without feeling guilt or remorse. ASPD typically begins in late childhood or early adolescence.
5. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
BPD involves intense emotions, unstable relationships, and a shaky sense of self. People with BPD may fear abandonment, struggle with self-image, and experience mood swings, leading to conflict in relationships and inner emotional turmoil. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a specific type of therapy developed to treat BPD and remains a crucial part of the healing process.
6. Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD)
This disorder is marked by a strong need for attention and approval. People may act very emotional, theatrical, or flirtatious as they fight for validation. Their self-esteem is closely tied to what others think of them, and they may use exaggerated emotions to gain validation.
7. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
People with narcissistic traits often see themselves as superior and may lack empathy for others. They need admiration and may become upset if they’re not treated as special. People with NPD may appear confident or even arrogant, but underneath, they often struggle with fragile self-esteem and are highly sensitive to criticism.
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Behavior
8. Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD)
People with avoidant personality disorder often avoid social situations, even though they want close relationships. Their fear is that they will be judged or rejected. With therapy and compassionate support, individuals with AVPD can build confidence and gradually feel more comfortable in social situations.
9. Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD)
People with this disorder rely heavily on others to make decisions and provide emotional support. They fear being alone and may go to great lengths to keep someone close, even at the expense of their own needs. With the help of therapy, individuals with DPD can build independence and self-esteem.
10. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
Not to be confused with OCD, OCPD is about perfectionism, control, and order. This rigid thinking can interfere with relationships and daily functioning. People with OCPD often focus so much on rules and organization that they struggle with flexibility or completing tasks. OCD, on the other hand, involves unwanted thoughts and compulsions.
How Are Personality Disorders Treated?
Personality disorders are treated mostly through psychotherapy, with the goal of helping individuals develop healthier thoughts, behaviors, and relationships. While these disorders are often long-term, treatment can lead to a significant reduction in symptoms, allowing individuals to improve daily functioning and emotional well-being.
Talk therapy has different approaches, and the most effective for treating personality disorders are dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, and schema therapy. Medications may also be used to manage symptoms, such as antidepressants for depression or anxiety, mood stabilizers for mood swings or impulsivity, and antipsychotics for severe thought disturbances or anger.
Group therapy is also beneficial, as it gives individuals the chance to practice social skills and gain perspective from others with similar challenges. Family therapy is useful for improving communication, understanding, and support among loved ones. Since personality disorders are usually long-term conditions, they do require ongoing support and consistency.
Personality Disorder Treatment in Easton, PA
Personality disorders are complex, but they are treatable with the right support. If you know someone who is living with a personality disorder, understanding is the first step toward reducing stigma and helping them get the care they need. And, if you are living with a personality disorder, reach out for help because it’s out there and healing is possible.
Recovery Cove treats personality disorders using evidence-based treatments like CBT and DBT. Our dedicated team is here to offer expert care, genuine support, and tailored treatment. Whether you’re just beginning or continuing your recovery, our team is here for you. Contact us today at 484-549-COVE to learn more about our treatment options for personality disorders.
