There is a clear link between substance use disorder and ADHD.
Roughly half of people with ADHD experience substance misuse at some point in their lives. People with ADHD are also 5 to 10 times more likely to have alcohol use disorder.
Here in Pennsylvania, an estimated 204,000 individuals have received an ADHD diagnosis. With such a high number of children, teens, and adults affected by this disorder, it’s important to recognize the relationship between ADHD and substance use and the steps individuals and families can take to prevent complications.
Let’s dive into ADHD and substance use and how proper identification and treatment can lead to better prevention, treatment and recovery.
Understanding ADHD
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common mental health condition that affects focus, impulsivity, and self-regulation. While it’s often associated with school challenges or hyperactivity in kids, ADHD impacts people of all ages.
While ADHD is a childhood disorder that does not typically start in adulthood, there are some cases where it’s not recognized or diagnosed until a person is an adult. Adults with ADHD often experience internal restlessness, difficulty managing responsibilities, and problems with organization.
Because ADHD increases the risk of substance use, it’s important to recognize the signs and symptoms of this disorder and receive appropriate treatment.
ADHD and the Risk of Substance Use
Research consistently shows that people with ADHD are more likely to develop substance use disorders compared to the general population. Studies suggest that people with ADHD are 2 to 3 times more likely to misuse drugs or alcohol and often start using substances at a younger age. Co-occurring ADHD and substance use can make both conditions harder.
There are many reasons why ADHD and substance use occur together. However, it’s important to note that ADHD medication does not make teenagers more likely to use drugs or alcohol—there is no evidence of this. In fact, some studies show that treating symptoms with medication makes young people less likely to use substances because their symptoms are properly managed.
Why People with ADHD May Turn to Substances
Let’s explore some of the reasons why people with ADHD may be more likely to engage in substance use.
Self-Medication
Many individuals with ADHD use substances like alcohol, marijuana, or stimulants to manage their symptoms by calming their minds, focusing better, or managing restlessness. For example, nicotine and sometimes even cocaine can increase attention span in the short-term. While substances might provide temporary relief, they often worsen symptoms over time.
Impulsivity
ADHD is associated with higher impulsivity, which can lead to risk-taking behaviors like experimenting with substances. People who are impulsive are less likely to consider the long-term consequences of their actions. Additionally, drugs and alcohol change the brain and increase impulsive behaviors, further exacerbating the cycle.
Difficulty Managing Emotions
People with ADHD often experience intense emotions, mood swings, and frustration. Substances may be used to numb feelings or handle emotional ups and downs. This is why certain substances are favored more than others, such as alcohol and marijuana, because they slow down racing thoughts and relax mood.
Social Struggles and Low Self-Esteem
Because ADHD can cause academic, social, or workplace difficulties, individuals may feel isolated or “different.” Substances might seem like a way to fit in, cope with social anxiety, or escape feelings of inadequacy.
How to Address ADHD and Substance Use Together
Because ADHD and substance use can feed into each other, it’s crucial to treat both conditions at the same time. An integrated treatment approach is key, as it addresses both the substance use and ADHD, particularly the most concerning symptoms that aren’t being managed. Effective treatment often includes medication management, therapy, skill-building, and support groups.
Lifestyle changes are also important and include exercise, healthy sleep habits, mindfulness practices, and a structured routine. Following your treatment plan will help manage ADHD symptoms and reduce the urge to self-medicate. Keep in mind that only a qualified mental health professional can provide a diagnosis.
Awareness Is the First Step to Seeking Treatment
The connection between ADHD and substance use is strong, but it’s not inevitable. With early recognition, compassionate care, and the right support systems, people with ADHD can live full, healthy, and substance-free lives.
Whether you’re seeking help for yourself or supporting a loved one, remember: recovery is possible, and understanding the unique challenges ADHD brings to the table is an important part of the journey. If you need guidance on substance use treatment options, contact Recovery Cove today at 484-549-COVE.
